Which theory holds that a human has no choice and is determined by environment?

Which theory holds that a human has no choice and is determined by environment?

• A. Humanists
• B. Cognitivists
• C. Constructivists
• D. Behaviorists

Answer: (D)

Behaviorism posits that actions are shaped by external stimuli and reinforcement in the environment, leaving little room for free choice. This approach focuses on observable behavior and how consequences—rewards or punishments—shape future responses, as seen in conditioning experiments. That emphasis on environmental determinants is why it’s described as the theory that the environment largely determines behavior. Humanistic perspectives highlight free will and personal growth; cognitivist views focus on internal mental processes; constructivist theories emphasize knowledge built through interaction with experiences.

Behaviorism posits that actions are shaped by external stimuli and reinforcement in the environment, leaving little room for free choice. This approach focuses on observable behavior and how consequences—rewards or punishments—shape future responses, as seen in conditioning experiments. That emphasis on environmental determinants is why it’s described as the theory that the environment largely determines behavior.

Humanistic perspectives highlight free will and personal growth; cognitivist views focus on internal mental processes; constructivist theories emphasize knowledge built through interaction with experiences.